How to Understand Ch 53


Ch53.com is a blog that discusses the different types of asset classes in more detail, including how to invest in them, how they are taxed and the strategies for each asset class. It will also provide information to help you understand the different types of financial products that are available and what you can use them for.

The site will cover investment trust companies, corporate bonds, gilts and other fixed interest securities, index-linked gilts and other inflation-linked securities, preference shares, equities (including exchange traded funds) and commercial property. It will also cover some of the most popular forms of collective investments such as open ended investment companies (OEICs), unit trusts, offshore funds and investment trusts.

It is hoped that by providing this information it will help you make better informed decisions about your finances.

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In the last post I described how to understand Ch 53, which is “Securities, Commodities, and Exchanges.”

In this post I’ll go over in more detail the different types of assets that are covered in Ch 53.

Securities

A security is a financial asset that represents a claim on something. We can break securities down into three main groups:

Equity securities: these represent claims on the profits of a company, such as stocks or common stock equivalents (e.g., stock options)

Debt securities: these represent a company’s promise to pay principal and interest at some future date (e.g., bonds or notes)

Investment contracts: these represent an investment in a profit-making enterprise (e.g., limited partnership interests)

Chapter 53 is the biggest chapter in the U.S. tax code, and it’s all about assets. It defines the meaning of terms like capital gains and depreciation, it explains how to calculate how much depreciation you can deduct, it explains what happens when you sell an asset at a loss or a gain, and so on.

There are three types of assets that Chapter 53 deals with:

1. Depreciable assets or property (53(a)(1)). These are things that you can write off over time instead of all at once—things like buildings or machines or cars. The amount you can write off depends on their depreciation schedule, which is set by the IRS.

2. Inventory (53(a)(2)). This is stuff you’re holding for sale, such as products your company makes or resells. You’re not allowed to write off inventory until it’s sold, but then you have to subtract the cost from your revenue when you do sell it.

3. Securities (53(a)(3)). This includes stocks and bonds, as well as options and futures contracts.*

There are different rules for each type of asset, but they all boil down to one thing: if you hold an asset long enough before selling

In Chapter 53, we have been solving different ways of financial statements. For example, the Balance Sheet, Income Statement, and Cash Flow Statement

To be more specific, in Chapter 53 we look at how to evaluate these types of assets. We should know that there are many different types of assets. An asset is something a company owns and can be converted into cash. Many things can be considered assets. In accounting, it is anything owned by a company that has value. Assets are very important to a company because a corporation has to keep track of their assets on their balance sheet. The balance sheet states what the business owns (assets), what it owes (liabilities) and its owner’s equity in the business. There are three main categories of assets: current assets, long-term investments and fixed assets.

Current Assets: Current Assets are those items that can be converted into cash or used up within one year such as inventory, accounts receivable and prepaid expenses (rent).

Long-Term Investments: Long-Term Investments are those items that do not meet the criteria for current or fixed assets such as securities (stocks/bonds) and real estate.

Fixed Assets: Fixed Assets are those items that cannot be easily converted into cash but provide long-term benefits

For decades, I have been fascinated by the structure of chapter 53 of the Tao Te Ching. In this chapter, Lao Tzu is writing about how to understand the Tao. What I find interesting is the way he structures his argument:

First he starts with a statement of paradox:

The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way; The names that can be named are not unvarying names. It was from the Nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang; The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind. (Tao Te Ching [Derek Lin] ¶53)

From there he goes on to say:

Yet when we see them as one we call them both dim and dark. Dim and dark: “Dark” indeed! The gateway of all subtleties! (Ibid)

In other words, as soon as we try to put reality into words, we are going to run into paradoxes. And since our language creates our reality, this is a problem. So Lao Tzu introduces the solution:

The myriad creatures rise from it yet it claims no authority; It gives them life yet claims no possession;

This is one of the more complicated chapters, so to make it easier for me to write and easier for you to read, I’ll break it up into a few blog posts. This will be the first of those three posts. We’ll start out by talking about assets and liabilities, which are the two basic building blocks of all financial advice.

Most people have heard of assets, but not everyone knows what they are. An asset is anything that helps you reach your financial goals (such as having enough money to retire). Assets can include cash, investments, real estate and businesses.

Let’s look at some examples:

A home is an asset if you own it outright (no mortgage) and you don’t have to pay rent on it. If you owe money on your home or if you don’t own your home free and clear (i.e., there’s a mortgage), then it’s not an asset.

An automobile is an asset if you own it outright and use it in your business. If you don’t use it in your business or if you don’t own it free and clear, then it’s not an asset.

A computer is an asset if you use it in your business or for entertainment (for example, to watch movies or play

Assets are the things that make up your balance sheet, and they’re classified into two types: current assets and long term assets. Assets are items or resources of value to the business.

Here is a list of examples of the most common assets:

Cash

Accounts receivable (money owed to your business by its customers)

Inventory

Prepaid expenses (e.g., prepaid insurance)

Supplies (stationary, for example)

Equipment (computers, machinery, etc.)

Vehicles (owned by company)

Furniture and fixtures (desks, chairs, shelves, etc.)

Buildings or land owned by the company

Leasehold improvements (alterations to leased spaces)


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